摘要To explore the influence of the installation height and angle of traffic signs and their interaction on the driver[DK]’s fixation characteristics within the recommended range of national standards, selecting the common nonstop sign in the urban road as the test sign, a simulated driving scenario of a two-way four-lane urban road is built by using the virtual reality software UC-win/Road 10.0 and the driving simulator FORUNM 8, and 32 drivers are summoned as the subjects for eye movement test. Through the simulation test of sign recognition in the simulated cockpit with the driver wearing an eye tracker, the indicator data (fixation duration, number of fixations, time of first fixation) of the driver recognizing the stop sign with different combinations of height and angle of traffic signs are obtained. After preprocessing the data, such as outlier elimination, residual normality, and variance homogeneity test, the influence of height, angle, and their interaction on the above indicators is analyzed by using the two-factor ANOVA method with interactive effects. The result shows that（1）In single-factor analysis, different installation angles only have a significant influence on fixation duration, and the fixation duration caused by the positive installation is higher than that caused by tilt angle;（2）There are no significant differences in the influences of different installation heights on the driver’s fixation duration, number of fixations and time of first fixation;（3）The interaction of installation height and angle has a significant influence on the driver’s fixation duration and number of fixations. Among the 4 combinations of height (high and low) and angle (positive and oblique), the fixation duration and the number of fixations caused by "high×positive" are much higher than those of other combinations, showing that the nonstop sign installed by this combination can attract the most interest and attention of drivers. It is recommended to install this nonstop sign on the two-way four-lane urban road.
Abstract：To explore the influence of the installation height and angle of traffic signs and their interaction on the driver[DK]’s fixation characteristics within the recommended range of national standards, selecting the common nonstop sign in the urban road as the test sign, a simulated driving scenario of a two-way four-lane urban road is built by using the virtual reality software UC-win/Road 10.0 and the driving simulator FORUNM 8, and 32 drivers are summoned as the subjects for eye movement test. Through the simulation test of sign recognition in the simulated cockpit with the driver wearing an eye tracker, the indicator data (fixation duration, number of fixations, time of first fixation) of the driver recognizing the stop sign with different combinations of height and angle of traffic signs are obtained. After preprocessing the data, such as outlier elimination, residual normality, and variance homogeneity test, the influence of height, angle, and their interaction on the above indicators is analyzed by using the two-factor ANOVA method with interactive effects. The result shows that（1）In single-factor analysis, different installation angles only have a significant influence on fixation duration, and the fixation duration caused by the positive installation is higher than that caused by tilt angle;（2）There are no significant differences in the influences of different installation heights on the driver’s fixation duration, number of fixations and time of first fixation;（3）The interaction of installation height and angle has a significant influence on the driver’s fixation duration and number of fixations. Among the 4 combinations of height (high and low) and angle (positive and oblique), the fixation duration and the number of fixations caused by "high×positive" are much higher than those of other combinations, showing that the nonstop sign installed by this combination can attract the most interest and attention of drivers. It is recommended to install this nonstop sign on the two-way four-lane urban road.
基金资助:Supported by the Open Project of Social Security Research Center of Humanities and Social Science Research Base of Fujian Province in 2020 (No.SSRC2020A2); the 2020 Annual Program of National Social Science Foundation of China(No.20BGL132)
通讯作者:
LI Na, CHEN Qing-lan
引用本文:
李娜, 欧丽云, 陈青兰, 王逸墨. Influence of Installation Height and Angle of Single-post Nonstop Sign on Driver's Fixation Characteristics[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2023, 17(2): 39-47.
LI Na, OU Li-yun, CHEN Qing-lan, WANG Yi-mo. Influence of Installation Height and Angle of Single-post Nonstop Sign on Driver's Fixation Characteristics. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2023, 17(2): 39-47.
[1] HONG Ze-jia, LIU Shi-jie. Optimization and Practice of Urban Road Traffic Sign and Markings in Shenzhen[J].Traffic ＆Transportation, 2020,33(S2):81-85. (in Chinese) [2] GB 5768.2—2022, Road Traffic Signs and Markings-Part 2: Road Traffic Signs[S]. (in Chinese) [3] GB 51038—2015, Code for Layout of Urban Road Traffic Signs and Markings[S]. (in Chinese) [4] JTG D82—2009, Specification for Layout of Highway Traffic Signs and Markings[S]. (in Chinese) [5] GAO Qiong, OU Bi-feng, ZHENG Zu-en, et al. The Deflection Angle Optimization Design and Research for Highway Symbol[J].Highway Engineering,2012,37(4):100-102. (in Chinese) [6] HU Sheng-zhong, Strategy of Traffic Sign Angle Setting on Expressway and Reflective Material Selection[J]. TranspoWorld, 2021(5):56-57. (in Chinese) [7] SHI Gong-long, TAN Hai-song, LI Hong-xia. Eye-movement Research on Location Effectiveness of Traffic Signs in Highways and Tunnels[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2021,41(4):708-714. (in Chinese) [8] CHEN Deng-feng, WAN Hua-sen, ZI Xin. Research on Optimization of Highway Traffic Sign Identification for Vehicle Driving Speed[J]. Highway Engineering,2019,44(5):258-262. (in Chinese) [9] XU Ting, SUN Xiao-duan, HE Yu-long, et al. Research on Advisory Speed Limit Sign Setting of Horizontal Curve for Expressway[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2010,23(S1):111-115. (in Chinese) [10] SUN Qiao-b ao.Study on Visibility of Roadside Sign for 6-lane Expressway[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2005, 22(7): 135-138,146. (in Chinese) [11] REN Rui, LI Wen-quan. Research on Amount and Position of Road Side Traffic Signs[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2006,23(11):111-115. (in Chinese) [12] ZHU Ying. Experimental Psychology[M].Beijing: Peking University Press,2000. (in Chinese) [13] HENDERSON J M, HOLLINGWORTH A. Eye Movements during Scene Viewing: An Overview[M]// UNDERWOOD G. Eye Guidance in Reading and Scene Perception. Oxford: Elsevier, 1998: 269-293. [14] LIU Y C. A Simulated Study on the Effects of Information Volume on Traffic Signs, Viewing Strategies and Sign Familiarity upon Driver’s Visual Search Performance[J],International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2005,35(12): 1147-1158. [15] KANG Ting-hu, ZHANG Hui. The Analysis of Eye-movement Indexes in Scene Perception: Perspectives from Fixation and Saccade[J]. Journal of Psychological Science,2020,43(6):1312-1318. (in Chinese) [16] JIN Liang-hai, LIU Shuo, YIN Shuang-ping, et al. Spatial Order Calibration of Guiding Signs in Commercial Complexes[J].China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(12):121-128. (in Chinese) [17] SHANG Yan,ZHU Shou-lin,QI Chun-hua.Research on Optimal Information Threshold of Long Straight Section on Grassland Highway[J].China Safety Science Journal,2021,31(6):189-195. (in Chinese) [18] DAI Jin-hui, HAN Cun. A Comparative Study on Two-way ANOVA [J]. Statistics & Decision, 2018,34(4):30-33. (in Chinese) [19] MAO Shi-song, ZHOU Ji-xiang. Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics [M].Beijing: China Statistics Press,2007. (in Chinese)
2023, Vol. 17 
